Mouse Secondary Antibodies
Biotium CD48(5-4.8), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Reacts with human CD48, a 45 kDa glycosyl phophatidyl-inositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface protein. CD48 is strongly expressed on lymphocytes and monocytes and weakly on granulocytes but is absent on platelets, fibroblasts, epithelium and endothelium. CD48 is one of the markers for detecting the defects of GPI anchoring structure on the patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobulinuria (PNH) and serves as a low affinity ligand for CD2.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium CD73 (Immuno-Oncology Target)(NT5E/2503), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
CD73 (also designated ecto-5'-nucleotidase, E5NT, NT, NT5, NTE, eN and eNT) is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored adhesion protein that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of extracellular purine and pyrimidine nucleotides to their corresponding bioactive nucleosides. CD73 is a dimer of two identical subunits that depends on GPI to link with the external face of the plasma membrane. Similar to other GPI-anchored proteins, CD73 mediates co-stimulatory signals in T cell activation. CD73 has few structural variants, yet elicits diverse biological function through differential regulation in endothelial cells (EC), subpopulations of B and T cells, germinal center follicular dendritic cells and on thymic medullary reticular fibroblasts. For example, IgG mediated neutralization of CD73 interferes with lymphocyte adhesion to EC, and blocks aggregation of germinal center B cells and follicular dendritic cells. Furthermore, IgG-mediated targeting of lymphocyte CD73, but not of
Biotium Gastrin(GAST/2632), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Gastrin, is a hormone that normally formed by mucosal cells in the gastric antrum and by the D cells of the pancreatic islets. Its primary function is to stimulate secretion of HCl by the gastric mucosa. HCl, in turn, inhibits gastrin formation. It also responsible for stimulating smooth muscle contraction and increasing blood circulation and water secretion in the stomach and intestine. Gastrin is regulated by epidermal growth factor in both mice and humans. Gastrin is excreted in excess by pancreatic tumors in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP) stimulates the release of gastrin as well as other gastrointestinal hormones and also acts as an autocrine growth factor for certain cell types. High levels of GRP are found in the human lung just after birth and levels decrease thereafter in parallel with the observed disease in a number of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells. GRP is known to promote lung tumorigenesis in model systems. Primary antibodies are
Biotium Gastrin(GAST/2632), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Gastrin, is a hormone that normally formed by mucosal cells in the gastric antrum and by the D cells of the pancreatic islets. Its primary function is to stimulate secretion of HCl by the gastric mucosa. HCl, in turn, inhibits gastrin formation. It also responsible for stimulating smooth muscle contraction and increasing blood circulation and water secretion in the stomach and intestine. Gastrin is regulated by epidermal growth factor in both mice and humans. Gastrin is excreted in excess by pancreatic tumors in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP) stimulates the release of gastrin as well as other gastrointestinal hormones and also acts as an autocrine growth factor for certain cell types. High levels of GRP are found in the human lung just after birth and levels decrease thereafter in parallel with the observed disease in a number of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells. GRP is known to promote lung tumorigenesis in model systems. Primary antibodies are
Biotium Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) / CD66(C66/1260), 1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes proteins of 80-200 kDa, identified as different members of CEA family. CEA is synthesized during development in the fetal gut and is re-expressed in increased amounts in intestinal carcinomas and several other tumors. This MAb reacts with nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA). It shows no reaction with a variety of normal tissues and is suitable for staining of formalin/paraffin tissues. CEA is not found in benign glands, stroma, or malignant prostatic cells. Antibody to CEA is useful in detecting early foci of gastric carcinoma and in distinguishing pulmonary adenocarcinomas (60-70% are CEA ) from pleural mesotheliomas (rarely or weakly CEA ). Anti-CEA positivity is seen in adenocarcinomas from the lung, colon, stomach, esophagus, pancreas, gallbadder, urachus, salivary gland, ovary, and endocervix. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and pho
Biotium NGF-Receptor (p75) / CD271 (Soft Tissue Tumor Marker)(rNGFR/1965), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a glycoprotein of 75 kDa, identified as low affinity Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) Receptor (p75NGFR) or Neurotrophin Receptor (p75NTR). NGFR is expressed in various neural crest cells and their tumors such as melanocytes, melanomas, neuroblastomas, pheochromocytomas and neurofibromas. Reportedly, anti-NGFR is a reliable marker for desmoplastic and neurotropic melanomas. NGFR is expressed in mature non-neural cells such as perivascular cells, dental pulp cells, lymphoidal follicular dendritic cells, basal epithelium of oral mucosa and hair follicles, prostate basal cells, and myoepithelial cells. Anti-NGFR stains the myoepithelial cells of breast ducts and intra-lobular fibroblasts of breast ducts. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abunda
Biotium Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-q / GNAQ / G-ALPHA-q(GNAQ/2434), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
GNAQis 359 amino acids long and is identical in all but 1 amino acid residue to the mouse protein. Analysis of human genomic DNA revealed an intronless sequence with strong homology to human GNAQ cDNA. In comparison to GNAQ cDNA, this genomic DNA sequence included several small deletions and insertions that altered the reading frame, multiple single based changes, and a premature termination codon in the open reading frame, all hallmarks of a processed pseudogene. Probes derived from human GNAQ cDNA sequence mapped both chromosomes 2 and 9 in higher constringency genomic blot analyses of DNA from a panel of human/rodent hybrid cell lines. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give
Biotium Aldo-keto Reductase Family 1 Member B1 (Adrenal Marker)(CPTC-AKR1B1-2), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Aldo-keto Reductase Family 1 Member B1 (AKR1B1), also known as aldose reductase or aldehyde reductase, is a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. This protein catalyzes the reduction of a number of aldehydes, including the aldehyde form of glucose, and is thereby implicated in the development of diabetic complications by catalyzing the reduction of glucose to sorbitol. It has also been shown to have decreased expression in adrenocortical cancer, and possibly play a role in adrenal tumorigenesis. It has been suggested that AKR1B1 could be investigated as a marker of malignancy for adrenal tumor diagnosis. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have
Biotium RAD51 (Prognostic and Response to Chemotherapy Marker)(RAD51/2701), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
RAD51 is one of the key factors of DNA repair by homologous recombination and has been shown to have anti-apoptotic activity in tumor cells. RAD51 protein interacts with a variety of tumor suppressor proteins including p53, BRCA1 and BRCA2. Elevated expression of RAD51 enhances radio-resistance of human tumor cells. Overexpression of RAD51 protein in tumor cells renders them resistant against cytotoxic drugs like Cisplatin. RAD51 interacts with BRCA1 and BRCA2 to influence subcellular localization and cellular response to DNA damage. BRCA2 inactivation may be a key event leading to genomic instability and tumorigenesis from deregulation of RAD51. High-level expression of RAD51 has been observed in a variety of human malignancies. RAD51 overexpression correlates with histological grading of the tumor in invasive ductal mammary carcinoma. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightnes
Biotium CD44v3 (Marker of Tumor Metastasis)(3G5), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes an epitope encoded by exon v3 on the variant portion of human CD44. The CD44 molecule belongs to a family of cellular adhesion molecules found on a wide range of normal and malignant cells in epithelial, mesothelial and hemopoiesis tissues. CD44 is a single gene with 20 exons, of which 10 are normally expressed to encode the basic CD44 (H-CAM) molecule. The additional 10 exons (v1 to v10) are only expressed by alternative splicing of the nuclear RNA. The expression of specific cell adhesion molecule CD44 splice variants has been reported to be associated with metastasis in certain human malignancies. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-spe
Biotium ATG5 (Autophagy Marker)(ATG5/2553), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Autophagy protein 5 (ATG5), in combination with autophagy protein 12, functions as an E1-like activating enzyme in a ubiquitin-like conjugating system. ATG5 is involved in several cellular processes, including autophagic vesicle formation, mitochondrial quality control after oxidative damage, negative regulation of the innate antiviral immune response, lymphocyte development and proliferation, MHC II antigen presentation, adipocyte differentiation, and apoptosis. The ATG5 protein is essential for autophagy; a process that is usually beneficial for cells to self-degrade their own components when they are no longer useful. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specifi
Biotium CD44v4 (Marker of Tumor Metastasis), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes an epitope encoded by exon v4 on the variant portion of human CD44. The CD44 molecule belongs to a family of cellular adhesion molecules found on a wide range of normal and malignant cells in epithelial, mesothelial and hemopoiesis tissues. CD44 is a single gene with 20 exons, of which 10 are normally expressed to encode the basic CD44 (H-CAM) molecule. The additional 10 exons (v1 to v10) are only expressed by alternative splicing of the nuclear RNA. The expression of specific cell adhesion molecule CD44 splice variants has been reported to be associated with metastasis in certain human malignancies. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-spe
Biotium TAG-72 / CA72.4 (Tumor-Associated Glycoprotein)(CA72/2869R), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes an oncofetal antigen of 220 kDa, identified as a tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72) with properties of a mucin. This MAb defines the mucin-carried sialylated-Tn epitope. TAG-72 is usually expressed by adenocarcinomas, but is negative in mesotheliomas. Studies have reported that this antibody has 80% sensitivity and 93% specificity for pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Therefore, TAG-72 is a useful marker to distinguish between mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma. However, false positive reactions can occur so results must be interpreted with the utmost caution. This antibody may be useful in the differentiation of non-small cell carcinomas from small cell carcinomas of the lung. The combined use of anti-TAG-72 and anti-GCDFP-15 is valuable in the diagnosis of apocrine carcinoma. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluoresc
Biotium CD66 (CEA)(C66/261), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes proteins of 80-200 kDa, identified as different members of CEA family. CEA is synthesized during development in the fetal gut and is re-expressed in increased amounts in intestinal carcinomas and several other tumors. This MAb does not react with nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) and with human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. It shows no reaction with a variety of normal tissues and is suitable for staining of formalin/paraffin tissues. CEA is not found in benign glands, stroma, or malignant prostatic cells. Antibody to CEA is useful in detecting early foci of gastric carcinoma and in distinguishing pulmonary adenocarcinomas (60-70% are CEA positive) from pleural mesotheliomas (rarely or weakly CEA positive). Anti-CEA positivity is seen in adenocarcinomas from the lung, colon, stomach, esophagus, pancreas, gallbadder, urachus, salivary gland, ovary, and endocervix.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF
Biotium DOG-1 / TMEM16A (Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Marker) (DG1/2564R), 0.2mg/mL
Expression of DOG-1 protein is elevated in the gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST s), c-kit signaling-driven mesenchymal tumors of the GI tract. DOG-1 is rarely expressed in other soft tissue tumors, which, due to appearance, may be difficult to diagnose. Immunoreactivity for DOG-1 has been reported in 97.8 percent of scorable GIST s, including all c-kit negative GIST s. Overexpression of DOG-1 has been suggested to aid in the identification of GISTs, including Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha mutants that fail to express c-kit antigen. The overall sensitivity of DOG1 and c-kit in GIST s is nearly identical: 94.4% vs. 94.7%.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give high